The biggest unproven technology standing between Starship and Mars is not the rocket or the distance—it is large-scale orbital refuelling. Spacecraft have transferred conventional propellants in orbit since 1978, but no one has docked two giant spacecraft and moved hundreds of tonnes of supercold methane and oxygen between them, potentially over multiple tanker flights. After Starship’s 13th test flight in July 2026, SpaceX still had not attempted it.

Starship has moved multiple tonnes of oxygen between its own tanks, but its Moon and Mars architecture still depends on an unattempted vehicle-to-vehicle cryogenic refuelling campaign. The post The biggest unproven technology standing betwe…

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1. SpaceDaily 27 Aug
   The biggest unproven technology standing between Starship and Mars is not the rocket or the distance—it is large-scale orbital refuelling. Spacecraft have transferred conventional propellants in orbit since 1978, but no one has docked two giant spacecraft and moved hundreds of tonnes of supercold methane and oxygen between them, potentially over multiple tanker flights. After Starship’s 13th test flight in July 2026, SpaceX still had not attempted it. ↗